Begin alb g



May 17 1927.

R. G. STANDERWICK REGULATING MEANS FOR ELASTIC FLUID TURBINES Filed Nov.28, 1925 VALVE ME/ms OF EXTRACTION OR BACK PRESSURE TURBINE,

"m /MA FROM PRESSURE 5a POINT IN TURBINEQ Inventor: Rg'mald 6|.Stomderwick, by J.

His Attorney.

Patented May 17, 1927. v

UNITED STATES P ATENT'OFFICE.

REGINALD G. .STANDERWICK, F MARBLEHEAD,' MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGN'OR TOGENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A-GORPORATIONOF NEW. YORK.

The

Application filed November as, 1925. Serial no 72,058.

present invention relates to elastic fluid turbines, and is especiallyWell adapted for use in connection with elastic fluid turbi nos whichsupply elastic fluid for industrial 5 purposes or for feed water heatingpurposes, and wherein the supply of elastic fluid to the turbine iscontrolled by the demand for elastic heating purposes. with suchturbines however.

fluid for industrial or feed water It is not limited to use In suchturtermed usually a back pressure turbine.

The demand for elastic iuid for industrial purposes or feed waterheating purposes may be gauged by measurmg the pressure of the elasticcreases creases fluid supplied, since the pressure inwhen the demanddecreases, and dewhen the demand lncreases. .With

such arrangements, therefore, it is desired to n'laintain the elasticfluid supplied for Inclustrial purposes or tor feed water heatingpurposes at a constant pressure.

To this end,

a pressure-responsive device is connected to the valve gear of theturbine in a manner such that when the pressure to which thelitl-lQSPOllSlVG device is subjected increase... it functions todiminish the amount of elastic fluid being supplied to the turbine,while when the pressure to which the pressure-responsive device issubjected decreases, it functions to increase the amount of elasticfluid supplied to the turbine: In other words,

the turbine isregulated with the purpose in view of maintaining thepressure in the extraction stage or the'pressureof the exhaust at aconstantvalue.

ord ina'i However, with y pressure-regulating means this has not beenaccomplished because it has been necessary to provide a certain range inpressure between no extraction and fullextraction on the turbine (i. e.,a certain width of regulat c rrung.

The

ion).

in order to ensure stablegov object of my invention is to provide animproved pressureregulating means whereby in a turbineregula'ted inaccordance with pressure, Iam enabled to maintain the pressure constantandat the same time provlde stable governing, and for a considerationof. what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directedto the accompanying description and the claims appended thereto.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic yiew of a regulating meansembodying my invention, and Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view taken online 22, Fig. 1.

. Referring to the drawing, 5. indicates the admission end of an elasticfluid turbineto which elastic fluid is supplied by suitable valve means6 which is opened and closedby turning movements of a cam shaft 7. Thevalve means and the cam arrangement for operatingit may be of the samegeneral. type as that shownin the patent to E. D. Dickinson and myself,No. 1,560,416, granted Noyember 3, 1925. The turbine shaft is indicatedat 8 and the oil tank is indicated at 9. The illustration of the turbinein Fig. 1 is wholly diagrammatic. The turbine casing 5 and the shaft 8are not shown in correct relation to each other but the turbine casingis brought around into the plane of the paper in order to illustratemore clearly the arrangen'ient of the governing mechanism and itsconnection to the turbine valve gear. On the end of cam shaft 7 is apinion 10 whichmeshes with a rack 11 formed on the upper-end of a rod12. The lower end of' rod12 is connected to a piston 13 which slides ina suitable cylinder 14-. Arranged between the upper side of piston 13and a spring plate 15 is a spring 16 which biases piston 13 toward thelower end of cylinder 14: and the valve'gear 5 toward closed position."lVith the piston in the position shown in Fig. 1 of thedrawing,the,valve means is partly open. The arrangement is such. thatwhenpiston 13 moves upward it. opens" valve means 6 and when itmovesdownward it affects the closing of:thevalve zmeans. Any suitable valvemeans may be used in connection with my invention, the arrangementindicated being shown only by way of example.

0n turbine shaft 8 is a worm 17 which meshes with a worm wheel 18mounted on a vertical shaft 19. Shaft 19 is mounted in suitablebearings, one of which is indicated at 20, and at its lower end isconnected to drive an oil pump 21 locatedin tank 9. The pump 21 takesoil from tank 9 through a suitable intake strainer 22 and delivers oilthrough a conduit 23to a pipe 24. Connected to pipe 24 is a pressurerelief valve-25 which discharges back to tank 9 and which is set tomaintainjessentially constant inpipe 24 a certain desired pressure.

Pipe 24 delivers oil through anon-return valve 26 and an orifice 27 to apressure pipe 28 and a bypass pipe 29 which branches therefrom. Sincethere is essentially constant pressure in pipe 24 oil will be deliveredthrough orifice 27to pipes 28 and 29 always at a def inite ratedepending upon'the pres.- sure existing in such pipes. Pipe 28 isconnected to cylinder 14 beneath piston 13 and conveys pressure to theunderside of the piston for effecting operation of valve means ti.By-pass pipe 29 is connected to an annular chamber 30 in the inner wallof a pilot valve is connected at its upper end to a lever 34 which isfulcrun'iedon the upper end of an arm 35 which in turn is pivotallysupported on a flange at the base of'pilot valve casing 30. Insidethebushing or sleeve 32 is a pilot valve member 36 which is in the formof a tube or sleeve and is connected atits lower end to the weight arms37 of a centrifugal speed governor so as turn there with. For thepurpose ofthis' diagrammatic illustration, I have shown the weight arms37 pivotally connected directly to the lower end of pilot valve tube 36This direct connection or any other suitable connecting arrangement maybe used. In actual practice I prefer to use the specific arrangementdisthe speed increases, the pilot valvetube is lowered in bushing32 touncover chamber 30 and when the speed decreases the pilot valve tube israised. in bushing 32 to cover chamber 30.

ally connected to rod 12. The other end of lever 39 is i'ulcrumed on theend of a lever 40, the fulcrum point being indicated at 41. The otherend of lever 40 is connected to a stem 42 which at its lower end isconnected to a piston 43. Piston 43 is mounted in a cylinder 44 and isbiased toward the lower end of the cylinder by a spring 45. Adjacentcylinder 44 is a pilot valve structure comprising a casing 46 connectedto cylinder 44 be neath piston 43 by a passage 47. P asenlargement 53which lits pilot valve casing" 46 to prevent leakage of oil in an upwarddircction. The upper end of stem 51 is connected to lever 40 as isindicated at 54. Adjacent stem 51 is'a stationary bracket 55 having anopening through which stem 51 passes freely and arranged between bracket55 and a collar 56 on stem 51 is a spring 57 which exerts a pressuredownward on stem 51. The lower end of stem 51 is connected to a.pressure responsive device 58 which may be'of any suitable type. In thepresent instanceit isshown as being in thetorm of a diaphragm 59 mountedbetween the halves of a casing 69. 1 Connected to casing (50 beneathdiaphragm 59 is a pipe 61 which is connected to the region wherein. thepressure is'to be maintained constant. In the case ot a back pressureturbine this is the exhaust conduit of the turbine. The underside o'tdiaphragm 59 is thus subjected to the pressure or the fluid, thepressure of which is to be maintained constant.

In operation assun'iing that turbine 5 is tied in. with other turbineson the same line. the speed of the turbine will be set by that. of theother machines, (i. 0., by the irequency of the system). and speedgovernor 37 will assume a certaindel'inite position cor responding tothe speed-defined by the system and will position pilot valve sleeve 35)at a certain definite point. Also. (lFSlrmiHfl' a certain definiteopening o't valve means (i. then pilotvalve bushing 32 will. be in adellnite position corresponding to such opening. And. also, assumingthat the pressure inthe region to which pipe (31 is connec ed is of thedesired value. then pilot valve will. stand in a position wherein itcovers exactly slot 48. and piston 43willhave ttfit fllllletl a. certaindefinite position in cylinder 44. Piston 13 will have a certain positionin cylinder 14 corresponding to the opening of alve means 6. t lVith theturbine running, pump 21 supplies oil through pipe 24 and orifice 27 topressure pipe 28 and bypass pipe'29. The maximum pressure of the oil inpipe 24 1s fixed at av definite value by pressure relief valve so thatoil is supplied to pipes 28 and 29 at a definite pressure. Oil escapescontinuously from pipe 29 through chamber 30 to the interior of pilotvalve casing 31 from whence it runs down through tubular.

pilot valve sleeve 36 to tank 9. The pressure in pipe 28 andhence thatto which piston It now the pressure in the region to which pipe 61 isconnected increases, due for example 11111l16 case of a back pressure orextraction turbine to a decrease in'the demand for elastic fluid thepressure under dia- "ihragm 59 will increase and the diaphragm will beraised, therebyraising pllot valve 52.

' lVhen this talres place, lever arm will he turned on the upper end ofstem 42 as a' fulcrum and through link-38 and/lever 34 will raise pilotvalve sleeve 32 in casing 31, lever 34 pivoting on the end of link 35.This will effect a further uncovering of'chamber 30 thereby permittingthe more rapid escape of fluid from conduit 2%) and 28. As a re sult,the pressure under piston 13 willbe decreased, permitting spring 16 toforce piston 13 downward, thereby closing oif somewhat the valve means6; This will serve to decrease the amount of elastic fluid supplied toturbine 5 and hence the pressure of the elastic fluid in the region towhich pipe 61 is connected. lVhen piston 13 1noves downwarch it carrieswith it the left hand end of lever 39 and throughlink 33 lowers the lefthand end of lever 34 and pilotvalve sleeve down toward its originalposition. as soon asthe pressure in the region to which pipe (31. isconnected decreases, spring 57' will force pilot valve 52Y1OW11W31Cltoward its original position. This movemen'tfalso,

through lever 40 lever 39, linlr38 and lever 34 serves to move sleeve32'down toward its original position. There are thus two separatemovements tending'to restore sleeve 32 and the result of'the two,ordinarily, would he to restore sleeve 32 not to its original The extentto which chamber 30 32. thus serving to move sleeve position, but toaposition slightly higher than its original position because of the newposition taken by piston 13. This would correspond to a pressure ondiaphragm 59 somewhat higher than before. However, it is desired torestore diaphragm 59 to exact ly its original position since this wouldmean that the pressure was then exactly the same as before. This resultis accomplished by the following means: whendiaphragm 59 moves upward,pilot valve 52 uncovers elongated slot 48' toa' certain extent whichpermits fluid to escape from beneath piston 43, whereupon piston 43 ismoved downward by spring 45 thus lowering the right hand, end of lever40 and hence raising its left hand end, which means that pivot point 41is raised. When pivot point 41 is'raised, it lifts sleeve'32-through theintermediary of link 38 and lever 34, and this reacts on piston 13toeffect a further closing movementof valve means 6 which serves to lowerfurther the pressure in the region to which pipe'61 is connected. Thisaction takes place until pilot valve 52 again exactly covers elongatedslot 48.

When the pressure'under diaphragm 59 decreases, due, for example, in thecase of an extraction or back pressure turbine,to an increase in thedemand for elastic fluid, the diaphragm will be lowered, thereby movingpilot valve 52 downward. Theaction al ready described, except that ittakes place in the opposite direction, then occurs, the net result beinga repositioning of'valve means 6 to admit additioi'ialelastic fluidsufficient to restore the pressure to its original value again. n

i As will be clear in either case, equilibrium cannot be restored untilpilot valve 52 again exactly covers elongated slot 48, and since it'canonly cover it when the pressure in the region to which pipe 61.is-c0nnected is at the desired value, it follows that the resultant ofthe regulating movements is the positioning of valve means 6. so thatthe amount of steam supplied to the turbine will be such 'asto maintain.the pressure in the region to which pipe 61 is connected at the desiredvalue. f'

- The connection of lever 39 to rod 12 forms a usual type offollow-up'orrestoring'coir nection for'the valve gear. The mechanismcomprising piston 43 and pilot valve 52 formslwhat may be termed acorrecting mechanism or .device" since it corrects for what is the usualoperating range of the governor between no load and .full load. "It is:desirable that this correcting mechanism should lag behind thefollow-up mechanism in its operation to insure the. stabilitvofthegoverning. 1 To accomplish this, slot 48 is made long andcomparatively narrow so hence the action o'f piston 43 retarded.

1,3Pee geve mr 3 -isn rma 1y. ac ivese supplies'elastic fluid from a;region beyond admiss enfe ho al e means whi h is operated,toimaintainthe pressure in said gi a' ns an flu d-Want d motor inding P l 1 QlMIIQV W-T t a ve means, a movable [member responsive ,to the pressure insaid region, means including a followalp connection, connecting theIn'OV- able member to the fluid-actuated motor and pilot valve, ;apressure ,correcting motor, and means for, eifecting movement of thecorrectingmotor modify. the action of said movable memhei on the valvemeans.

1 -31 ombinatio w h a e as e xflui turbine,,of valve means .xyl ic h isoperated to maintain constant the pressure in a region b ey ond theadmission end of ,the turbine, a fluid-actuated motor, including a pilotvalve ifor moying thevalve means,,,a movablefm mber responsive to thepressure in said'region',"means connecting it to the Pilot alv a i W'llPnae:t .eni e t P lo a an 9 re tinsimeansiwlii h p.- rates t e pi o vs V9to e e move ento the valve means to maintain the pressure lw y t the e evfl le- Thefcombill ltion with an elastic fluid turbine,.ofvalve,means,whicli isoperated to maintain constant the pressurein aregion beyondthe'fadmission end of the turbine, a fluid-actuated motorincluding apilot valve for moving the valve means, ,a movable memberresponsive to the pressure in s aicl regiom. means. connecting it to thepilot valve, a follow-up conneotion for the, pilot valve,'and meanscontrolled ,bythe positionof the movable membertforefllecting mov mentofthepilot valve whenever; the movable member occupies a position otherthan that corresponding Ito the desired-constant pressure. v

.14.;The combination with an, elastic fluid turbine,f,0f' valve means,vvhich is operated main ain co s ant he pre su n region tbeyond theadmission end of the turw n fiu ae ua e limqt nr idinsa Pilot valve jformoving, thevalve means, a. movable mbe e penswe. to, the P ssure inteaeaw valve means for controlling the'admission of elastic fluidthereto, of a fluid-actuated motor including a pilot valve {for movingthe Valve neans, a ,pressure-responsive device, means connecting it to,the pilot valve to ef fectmovementsofthe pilot valve for actuat-.

ing the, valve means, and means-controlled by ,the pressure-responsiyedevice for effecting supplementary movements of; the pilot valve henthepressure-responsive device occupies a position other than thatcorresponding to the desired, pressure.

7. The combination with a turbine having valve neans .tor controllingthe admission of elastic g fluid thereto, of a fiuid-actuatedmotorincluding a pilot valve for moving the valve means, a,presstre-responsive device, means eonneoting it vto the pilot valve to effectmovement ofthe pilot valvefor actuating the valve means, afluid-actuated motor connected to the-pilot valve,'and means foradmitting aetuatingfluid thereto Whenever the pressure-responsiveIdevice occupies a posit on other than that corresponding to the desiredpressure.

8. The combination with a turbine having elastic fluid controllingmeans,of a pressure responsive devicefor effecting regulation of saidcontrollingmeans,and means operative when the pressurewresponsive deviceoccup1 es a positionother than that corresponding ,toa desired pressurefor efi'ectin supplementary movement of said controlling eans- ,9. The,combination with a turbine which supplies'elasti'cfluid from a regionbeyond its admission end,,ofvalve means controlling the flounof suchelastic fluid, a fluid-actuated motor including a pilot valve for movingthe valve means, a {movable member responsive to a condition appurtenantto said fluid, means including a"foll.oW-up connection connecting the,movable member to the fluidactua'ted motor andpilot'valve, a correctingmotonand means for effecting movement of thocorrecting motorto modifythe action of said movable member on the valve means.

3.0, ,The COmbination. with a turbine which supplies elastic fluid froma" region beyond Hill its admission end, of valve means controlling theflow of such elastic fluid, a movable member responsive to a conditionappurtenant to such fluid for effecting regulation of said valve meansto maintain such condition at a constant value, and means operative whensaid movable HlGl'l'll'JQl occupies a position other than thatcorresponding to the desired value for said operating condition foreffect ing supplementary movement of said valve 1 means.

In Witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 24th day ofNovember 1925. REGINALD Gr. STANDERWICK.

